Feed Additives Information

VitaminA as a feed additive also called retinol and its derivatives is an ester of unsaturated unary alcohol, including vitamins A1, A2 two kinds. Vitamins are sytheniced by plant source retinol b-carotene, in vivo beta carotene – 15,15 migrant – double oxygen enzyme (ShuangJia oxygen enzyme catalysis, will be under) beta-carotene into two molecules (rald ratinal, rald in rald oxidoreductase under the action of reduction for retinol. So beta carotene and vitamin A former called.

Vitamin A, constitute the visual cells of feeling weak light qualitative composition visual purplish red mass is by opsins and rald composition, and vision.

Vitamin A, only exist in animal food, A1 exists in mammals and salt-water fish liver and A2 exists in freshwater fish in the liver. The plant tissue has not yet found in vitamin A. Lack of vitamin A, affect human body adaptiveness, dark dysplasia, such as children, the skin is dry, dry eye nyctalopia etc.

Normal adult daily vitamin A minimum requirements for about 35 international unit (0.3 MCG vitamin A, equivalent to 1 international units), children about 2000-2500 units.

With the increase of population and economy, the drawer improvement of people’s living standard, people internally, poultry, eggs, milk and aquatic products increased demand for these products. The quality of these products is also improving. Thereby promoting the development of animal husbandry and vigorous. Conesponding feed and feed industry (and feed additives industry, produce rapid development. As a means of feed additives subsist in 13 kinds of vitamins, as wide application of choline chloride (species) — A Vitamin.

The amount of vitamin a feed additive can produce significant economic benefits, one is to promote growth and improve livestock feed conversion and shorten the breeding time well, Two is to enhance their physique, improve the disease-resistant ability, improve the ability to reproduce, Three is to improve the meat, eggs, skin, hair, and increase the quality of meat, eggs, milk in the vitamin content.

　　We all know that vitamin is a important feed additives. When we use it, we need to pay attention to which vitamins should not be taken together.These vitamins now has been listed as follow.

　　1.The iron vitamins for supplying iron Ion such as vitamin B and vitamin c can not take with vitamin D that supply calcium. Research imply that the effect of calcium to inhibit iron only happen when they have been taken in the same time.

　　2 Anticoagulant therapy and vitamin E can’t eat together. Because of vitamin E can enhance the efficacy of anticoagulant therapy, so if the animal have taken anticoagulant therapy, they to avoid taking vitamin E.

In February of vitamin C and domestic prices are exported to the downside. VC export average price of $8.58 fell 3.7% / kg, annulus, year-on-year drop 17.5%. At the same time, the domestic price of pink of VC since March 22 also declined to 78 yuan/kg, after several months have been stable in 80 yuan/kg. Analysts believe this is mainly due to the recent new suppliers into this market, and significantly below the market price quotation.

About the exports, February vitamin C for 7976 tons, January 8,400 tons of level, but the decline compared with remained at the higher level.

　　Muscle tissue to the metabolic process produces oxygen free radicals and other oxides (Butterfield, 1998). Of muscle fibers in a high level of vitamin E may reduce fat oxidation, delay the formation of muscles globulin (Arnold et al, 1993) and increased meat tenderness (Harris et al, 2001). Grazing in the green pasture from beef, although it contains high concentrations of α-tocopherol and other natural antioxidants, but it contains a lot of beef while polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants it needs is relatively high.

　　Yang, (2002a) found that vitamin E intake of crude to feed mainly on beef color stability does not improve, but this trial the control group within the meat tissue concentrations of α-tocopherol itself has reached 2-6 mg / g, which is Eikelenboom et al (2000) points out, if the beef itself, α-tocopherol concentration in the 2.1-2.4 mg / g between, the supplementation of vitamin E can not further improve the color of the meat were similar.

　　Many others (Faustman, etc., 1989; Arnold, etc., 1993; Sherbeck etc., 1995 and Lynch, 1999) have reported that if given the venue of the bullock fattening vitamin E, beef, red would be significantly improved. Muscle α-tocopherol depletion is a slow process (Arnold, etc. 1993), if the cattle entering feedlots in the green pastures on the former had short-term fattening (40-60 days), then they will contain sufficient intramuscular vitamin E and other antioxidants, it is sufficient to maintain stability of beef color.

　　Vitamin C is another affects beef color stability of vitamins. Cattle and sheep can be synthesized within the liver vitamin C, so do not get from the feed of this important vitamin (Chatterjee, 1973), but early Hood (1975) The study showed that very kind of pre-slaughter injection of bovine sodium ascorbate can be greatly to extend the storage time of beef.

　　Muscle of vitamin C and vitamin E have synergistic effects (Faustman, etc., 1990). Vitamin C vitamin E involved in the reaction with peroxide-based re-synthesis. However, after dietary supplementation of vitamin C, how Caineng more effective entry to the body tissue Que Cunzai lot of problems because 维生素 C in the rumen are rapidly Fenjie in even some of Jingguoteshu improvement of, low water-soluble vitamins C products in the decomposition rate of the rumen quickly, if the slaughter of vitamin C before added to drinking water, the palatability of bad (Elliott unpublished data).

　　Gurusinghe, etc. (2002) before slaughter to deer rumen infusion of large doses, different formulations.

　　Pantothenic acid (vitamin B3) is a component of coenzyme A, and coenzyme A in many biochemical processes play an important role, and carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism.

　　Pantothenic acid deficiency symptoms: the performance of health good chicken blocked, feathers rough, stout bone disease, followed by dermatitis, the limitations of mouth crazy plots damage; eyelid edge grainy crust blocks, often mucus stalemate, cloaca and toes appear so crazy skin difficulty in walking. Hepar thymus atrophy, muscle gastric mucosa by corrosion, gallbladder enlargement. Hen hatching eggs produced, the embryo more than two or three days in the incubator on the last death, but no lesions.

　　Symptoms not severe, change feeding or oral diet rich in pantothenic acid of 10 to 20 mg calcium pantothenate can be fully restored. Pantothenic acid widespread in mammals, plant feed, hence the name. But in yeast, green feed, rice bran, bran, peanut cake is the most abundant. Valley real class feed all contain a certain amount, while the maize was the lowest.

　　Folic acid (vitamin wind vitamins to combat pernicious anemia. It is involved in the synthesis of methyl, methylation of hemoglobin synthesis required the participation of the absence of folic acid, will produce hematopoietic muscle energy barriers to malignant anemia. Folate and vitamin B12 nuclear protein deficiency can cause metabolic disorders in which nutritional anemia.

　　Folic acid deficiency symptoms: poor chick growth, abnormal feathers, short and thick anemia and bone disease. Eggs produced by hens in the incubation, the embryo mortality. Severe anemia in chicks injected 100 micrograms of folic acid 50 1, return to normal within a week, oral somewhat weaker results. In the diet with appropriate bean, yeast, alfalfa meal to prevent folic acid deficiency.

　　Leaves of plants, animals, organs and muscle, yeast, soybean, alfalfa meal, wheat bran is a rich source of folic acid. Seed, eggs with folic acid are also many. The relative lack of folic acid corn.

　　Niacin (nicotinic acid or vitamin PP) a more stable nature of begging can not easily be heat, oxygen, light and destroyed by alkali. It is the enzyme system involved in the body of a vitamin. Its body of carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism play a major role, when the body can be caused when a lack of nicotinic acid metabolism disorder.

　　Nicotinic acid deficiency syndrome revenge as the performance loss of appetite, growth retardation, lack luster fluffy feathers, swollen hocks, bone short and thick, curved leg bones lying and manganese or choline deficiency is the difference between skeletal muscle disease stubby little health condylar bone from slipping.

　　Nicotinic acid content in the diet with more feed can prevent the occurrence of deficiency. The event of a suspicious lack of symptoms, the addition of nicotinic acid per kg feed, 10 mg, and soon bear fruit. But symptoms of bone short and thick, can hardly be effective.

　　Feed rice bran, wheat, barley, wheat bran, peanut cake, fish meal, yeast and green feed are a rich source of niacin.

　　Vitamins are essential to maintain normal function of animal material, if the lack of poultry feed in any vitamins, are easily led to the occurrence of certain diseases and cause economic losses. In recent years, poultry production practices adopted throughout the exploration and scientific research departments for test, confirmed that the poultry feed, the main reason for the lack of vitamins or less in the following areas.

　　Improper feed ratio

　　Since different plants and animals in the vitamin content, such as liver, carrots, yellow corn contains more vitamin A; dry yeast and proofing and hay in the multi-vitamin D; big cake (cake), cotton seed cakes are containing Vitamin E more; soy, grains and fish meal are vitamin B1, B2 and more; fish meal, bone meal and liver are more than vitamin B12. Therefore, in the preparation of poultry feed, we must understand the content of each of Vitamin raw materials, but also note that the proportion of feed mix should be reasonable, pay attention to the balance of vitamins.

　　Different feed types

　　Folic acid, niacin, biotin, etc. in different feed their different biological potency. Such as folic acid powder mixed feed in the more stable, and trace elements in feed particles or other combination of choline chloride is not stable enough.

　　Feed processing and storage for too long

　　All the vitamins in animal feed has time to potency, most of the stability of vitamin in the 3 months to 4 months is better. Therefore, when using the feed or added vitamins, must pay attention to the factor of storage time.

　　Abuse of antibiotics

　　As the use of antibiotics and easy to reduce the poultry intestinal microorganisms in vitamin synthesis, resulting in vitamin deficiencies. In addition, some vitamins will be humidity, temperature, pressure, light, pH, trace elements, antioxidants, reducing agents and compounds, and other factors. For example, vitamin A and D vulnerable to moisture, temperature, trace elements, factors such as the destruction of fat rancidity; vitamin B1 are vulnerable to heat, oxidants, reducing agents, pH and other effects.

　　Domestic vitamin manufacturers have produced a single vitamin products such as vitamins A, E, D3, B vitamins, etc., but also how to use multi-vitamin products. To this end, the use of vitamin, the light of feed raw materials, Huanjingtiaojian and nutritional needs of poultry science Diaozheng Deng Fangmianjinxing, Shi Tian Jia both Chongfenliyong into the vitamin, but also to meet the nutritional needs of poultry, can be best economic benefits.

　　The new issue of the British “Nature – Immunology” magazine reported that vitamin D is not only necessary for physical growth and development, in immunization also plays an important role, it is the T cells immune cells attack foreign matter, “Commander” .

　　University of Copenhagen, Denmark, the researchers reported that the immune system T cells recognize and attack foreign bacteria and viruses and other features, but it is usually not in a “combat state” needs to be an “attack Xin Hao” in order to complete the active state never to the active state of conversion. Vitamin D plays in the process of “commander” role. The study found that without vitamin D, T cells detect foreign bodies will not even take action, remained inactive.

　　The researchers said the findings show that vitamin D can regulate the immune response to control levels. For example, weak immune function by vitamin D can to enhance disease resistance; and during organ transplantation surgery, you can reduce vitamin D levels, to reduce rejection.

　　Vitamin D found in fish, eggs and other natural foods, and more sun to help the body synthesize vitamin D. Vitamin D by regulating the body calcium, phosphorus and other elements to maintain the metabolism of bones, teeth, normal growth and development.